The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
On 10 December 1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
PREAMBLE
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,
Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.



“The Olympic Human Rights Project at Chicago” is an entity that focuses primarily on educating and informing the public about how the Olympic Games, primarily 2016 Olympic Games will impact the citizens of Chicago. In many ways, the impact will be in the form of human rights violations as defined by the United Nations.

Preparation for hosting the Olympics requires years of planning and unfortunately, much of that planning is rooted more in politics than for insuring that the public will be the primary beneficiaries of such a mega event. All aspects of the city’s dwellers quality of life will be affected including schools, neighborhoods, transportation, businesses, environment and finances. Already, the Chicago City Council has passed an ordinance allowing the mayor to utilize at least $500,000,000 of taxpayers’ money without conducting hearings. Although, hundreds of athletes will be participating in the Olympics from around the world, Chicago Public Schools are eliminating many physical education and athletic programs. How will Chicago youngsters become prepared to compete in The Games if there are no training programs available to them? Various parks that are patronized weekly as well as daily will be destroyed. Washington Park has been designated for the track and field events and an 80,000 seat stadium is being proposed. Douglas Park is the potential site for some aquatics events, while plans for a natatorium, is in the works. In both of these instances, the neighborhoods where they are situated, Washington Park, Bronzeville and Lawndale respectively, will be destroyed. Thousands of people will be permanently displaced who have resided in these communities for decades. Further, the bill for playing host to the Olympic Games is astronomical, while the city will bear the brunt and the International Olympic Committee (IOC), will reap most of the profit. This is exclusive of the athletes who have trained for a very long time in order to arrive at this occasion. Their rewards will come in the form of a gold, silver or bronze medal and if they have the proper agents and product endorsements.
So, the obvious question is, “why would Chicago want to host the 2016 Olympic Games?” In order for this question to be addressed properly, an historical perspective must be rendered.
The Chicago 21 Plan
Obviously, Daley didn’t decide to sign on to such a major commitment without some forethought. That much credit he deserves. Mayors, all have visions of how they want their cities to be portrayed. Usually, those visions are motivated by self interest. Well, Richard J. Daley was no different. As a matter of fact, he was a master visionary when it came to this city. Till this day, it is virtually impossible to speak of Chicago and the name Daley does not occur somewhere in that conversation.
“The Chicago 21 Plan” is Richard J. Daley’s vision of how he wanted Chicago to look in the 21st century. Having died in 1976, after being the mayor since 1955, he had a long time to develop that vision. In the “Chicago 21 Plan”, which was made public in “1973”, outlined conspicuously, it calls for tremendous restructuring and redefining of the city. Ultimately, resulting in extensive gentrification. Every vision is usually modeled after something and in this case, it appears as though Daley borrowed certain aspects from the city of Paris, France to frame his vision. Plans on such a grand scale, cannot be implemented by one man alone even if his name is Daley. Knowing that he would not be around to see this vision come to fruition, certain mechanisms were put in place to insure that the plan would be carried out. But even the best made plans can go awry.
Background
After Richard J. Daley’s death, there was a temporary scramble for the mayor’s seat. It appears that a Black man named Wilson Frost, an alderman from the 34th ward was the legal successor to the Daley throne. No matter Frost had proven his loyalty, the chance of a non –Daley being mayor at this crucial time, could not be risked. So, Frost was denied physical entrance to the chambers on the day he went to take his legitimate but not rightful place in Chicago history. After the usual Chicago political shenanigans, one day would look up and we had a new mayor. He wasn’t a Daley but he was a long time Daley friend from the neighborhood where they all grew up. Michael Bilandic could be trusted to keep the seat warm until the current city framers could regroup. However, by this time, the people were showing signs of defiance and similarly to being under the absolute rule of the “mean old witch” in “The Wizard of Oz” began to believe that they were free. This feeling became enhanced when Mayor Bliandic, one day, in order to save money, made the fateful decision to stop running the elevated trains to their furthest destination on the South Side. Many Black folks, who were dependent on public transportation, rode those trains on a daily basis.
Bilandic lost his bid for re-election. But the New Daley apparatus was still not fully in place because the election resulted in Chicago getting its first female mayor, Jane Byrne. Although, she as well as Bilandic and his predecessor Richard J. Daley are all Irish, there seems to be no love lost between her and them. The “dirty tricks” committee of the reorganizing Daley machine came out full force against Byrne and for awhile, much of the Black community sided with her. During her tenure, Chicago firefighters conducted a labor strike. Many African Americans who had qualified to become firefighter but denied employment, worked in place of the striking (white) firefighters. When the strike was settled, many of the African Americans were hired permanently. But once again, fate stepped in and administered a mighty blow on behalf of the people.
In time, Byrne clearly demonstrated she was no better for the people than Daley or Bilandic. Her administration began the re-institutionalization of white supremacy on the Chicago Public School Board and for the first time in history, the Chicago Police Department acquired a labor representative, the Fraternal Order of Police (exclusively Irish group of police officers). By this time, the African American community which is the majority ethnic group in Chicago began the clarion call that it was time for an African American mayor.
In 1977, without little fanfare, Harold Washington unsuccessfully ran for mayor of Chicago. One year after Daley’s death, this would mark the beginning of a seven period, after twenty-one years of Daley as mayor. Washington was successful in 1983 and became Chicago’s first African American mayor. He was approached during his tenure to have Chicago host a couple of mega events, one being the World’s Fair. It is also rumored that the USOC asked at that time if Chicago would be interested in hosting the 1996 Olympics that was held in Atlanta, Ga. Mayor Washington declined them both. But not without having have to be dissuaded by political representatives of the people. Their advice against it was for the same reasons given by those who are against the 20016 Games. Mayor Washington, unlike Mayor Richard M. Daley acquiesced to the wishes of the people. Also unlike Mayor Richard M. Daley, Washington was not wedded to the “Chicago 21 Plan”. Washington’s one term and several months in office, 1983-1987, pushed back the Daleyites. He came to understand that the people have a right to self-determination. He didn’t have a “rubber stamp” city council. As a matter of fact, history tells us that it was one of the most independent councils in Chicago political history. So, in many ways, the Washington administration is symbolic of what “A Dream Deferred”, Langston Hughes’ poem. The Daley dream for Chicago did not die but in 1987, Washington did and that opened the floodgates for the ushering in of the new and improved Daley machine.
Eugene Sawyer became the mayor during the interim, before the regular election in 1989 of which Richard M. Daley won and has been in office since that time. Priority number one, making the dream a reality. The Daley team, hopes to utilize the expected revenue generated from interest in the Games and from the Games to fund as much as possible the completion of the “Chicago 21 Plan”, which includes making those exclusively associated with it rich and richer.
Categories; Olympic Human Rights Project at Chicago
• Definition-
International Olympic Committee
The International Olympic Committee (IOC) is the supreme authority of the Olympic movement.
The IOC is an international non-governmental non-profit organisation and the creator of the Olympic Movement. The IOC exists to serve as an umbrella organisation of the Olympic Movement. It owns all rights to the Olympic symbols, flag, motto, anthem and Olympic Games. Its primary responsibility is to supervise the organisation of the summer and winter Olympic Games.
The IOC President is elected by the IOC members by secret ballot for an initial term of eight years, renewable once for four additional years. The President presides over all activities of the IOC, acting as its permanent representative. The current President, since 16 July 2001, is Jacques Rogge, of Belgium.
The members of the IOC are individuals who act as the IOC's representatives in their respective countries, not as delegates of their country within the IOC. The members meet once a year at the IOC Session. They retire at the end of the calendar year of which they turn 70 years, unless they were elected before the opening of the 110th Session (11 December 1999). In that case, they must retire when they reach the age of 80. The term of office for all members is eight years, renewable every eight years. The IOC chooses and elects its members from among such persons as its nominations committee considers qualified. All Olympic Movement members have the right to submit nominations.
MEMBERS
The International Olympic Committee is the supreme authority of the Olympic Movement
The IOC members, natural persons, are representatives of the IOC in their respective countries, and not their country's delegate within the IOC. As stated in the Olympic Charter: "Members of the IOC represent and promote the interests of the IOC and of the Olympic Movement in their countries and in the organisations of the Olympic Movement in which they serve" (Olympic Charter 2004, page 28).
There are currently 107# members, 23 honorary members and 1 honour members. Juan Antonio Samaranch is Honorary President for life.
• List of members
• Honorary President - Juan Antonio Samaranch
• List of honorary members
• List of honour members
MEMBERS
List of members by protocol order
Last name, First name
NOC
Year of election
Games participation
HAVELANGE, João (Mr)
BRA
1963 1936/52
MZALI, Mohamed (Mr)
TUN
1965
SMIRNOV, Vitaly (Mr)
RUS
1971
TALLBERG, Peter (Mr)
FIN
1976 1960/64/68/72/80
GOSPER A.O., Richard Kevan (Mr)
AUS
1977 1956/60 **
POUND, Q.C., Richard W. (Mr)
CAN
1978 1960
HE, Zhenliang (Mr)
CHN
1981
CARRARO, Franco (Mr)
ITA
1982
COLES, A.M., Phillip Walter (Mr)
AUS
1982 1960/64/68
DIBÓS, Iván (Mr)
PER
1982
IGAYA, Chiharu (Mr) *
JPN
1982 1952/56/60 **
SCHMITT, Pál (Mr)
HUN
1983 1968/72/76 **
LIECHTENSTEIN, Nora de (HSH Princess)
LIE
1984
ELIZALDE, Francisco J. (Mr)
PHI
1985
ALBERT II, (HSH the Sovereign Prince)
MON
1985 1988/92/94/98/02
NIKOLAOU, Lambis V. (Mr) *
GRE
1986
DEFRANTZ, Anita L. (Ms)
USA
1986 1976 **
GEESINK, Anton (Mr)
NED
1987 1964 **
ROYAL, (HRH the Princess)
GBR
1988 1976
WU, Ching-Kuo (Mr)
TPE
1988
KALTSCHMITT LUJÁN, Willi (Mr)
GUA
1988
NYANGWESO, Francis W. (Major General)
UGA
1988 1960
BELLO, Fernando F. Lima (Mr)
POR
1989 1968/72
TRÖGER, Walther (Mr)
GER
1989
OKANO, Shun-ichiro (Mr)
JPN
1990 1968 **
CARRIÓN, Richard L. (Mr) *
PUR
1990
INDRAPANA, Nat (Mr)
THA
1990
OSWALD, Denis (Mr) *
SUI
1991 1968/72/76 **
ROGGE, Jacques (Count) *
BEL
1991 1968/72/76
VÁZQUEZ RAÑA, Mario (Mr) *
MEX
1991
BACH, Thomas (Mr) *
GER
1991 1976 **
AL-SABAH, Ahmad Al-Fahad (Sheikh)
KUW
1992
EASTON, James L. (Mr)
USA
1994
REEDIE, Craig (Sir)
GBR
1994
PESCANTE, Mario (Mr) *
ITA
1994
HEIBERG, Gerhard (Mr) *
NOR
1994
LJUNGQVIST, Arne (Professor)
SWE
1994 1952
SEALY, Austin L. (Mr)
BAR
1994
MITCHELL, Robin E. (Dr)
FIJ
1994
DIALLO, Alpha Ibrahim (Mr)
GUI
1994
GILADY, Alex (Mr)
ISR
1994
TARPISCHEV, Shamil (Mr)
RUS
1994
BORZOV, Valeriy (Mr)
UKR
1994 1972/76 **
FASEL, René (Mr) *
SUI
1995
KILLY, Jean-Claude (Mr)
FRA
1995 1964/1968 **
RAMSAMY, Sam (Mr) *
RSA
1995
GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ, Reynaldo (Mr)
CUB
1995
VÁZQUEZ RAÑA, Olegario (Mr)
MEX
1995 1964/68/72/76
VRDOLJAK, Antun (Mr)
CRO
1995
HICKEY, Patrick Joseph (Mr)
IRL
1995
KHOURY, Toni (Mr)
LIB
1995
LARFAOUI, Mustapha (Mr)
ALG
1995
ALI, Shahid (Syed)
PAK
1996
CHANG, Ung (Mr)
PRK
1996
LINDBERG, Gunilla (Ms)
SWE
1996
MAGLIONE, Julio César (Mr)
URU
1996
LEE #, Kun Hee (Mr)
KOR
1996
CINQUANTA, Ottavio (Mr)
ITA
1996
DRUT, Guy (Mr)
FRA
1996 1972/76 **
SZEWINSKA, Irena (Ms)
POL
1998 1964/68/72/76/80 **
LUXEMBOURG, De (HRH the Grand Duke)
LUX
1998
SABET, Mounir (General)
EGY
1998
EL MOUTAWAKEL , Nawal (Ms) *
MAR
1998 1984 **
SÁNCHEZ RIVAS, Melitón (Mr)
PAN
1998
WALLNER, Leo (Mr)
AUT
1998
ORANGE, (HRH the Prince of)
NED
1998
NG, Ser Miang (Mr) *
SIN
1998
MOUDALLAL, Samih (Mr)
SYR
1998
BLATTER, Joseph S. (Mr)
SUI
1999
DIACK, Lamine (Mr)
SEN
1999
DI CENTA, Manuela (Ms)
ITA
1999 1984/88/92/94/98 **
AJÁN, Tamás (Mr)
HUN
2000
KASPER, Gian-Franco (Mr)
SUI
2000
KEINO, Kipchoge (Mr)
KEN
2000 1964/68/72 **
NUZMAN, Carlos Arthur (Mr)
BRA
2000 1964
PALENFO, Lassana (Intendant General)
CIV
2000
YU, Zaiqing (Mr) *
CHN
2000
FOK, Timothy Tsun Ting (Mr)
HKG
2001
SINGH, Randhir (Raja)
IND
2001 1964/68/72/76/80/84
COATES, AC, John D. (Mr)
AUS
2001
HAYATOU, Issa (Mr)
CMR
2001
SAMARANCH JR, Juan Antonio (Mr)
ESP
2001
ABDULAZIZ, Nawaf Faisal Fahd (HRH Prince)
KSA
2002
CHAMUNDA, Patrick S. (Mr)
ZAM
2002
AL-THANI, T. Bin Hamad Bin Khalifa (HRH Prince)
QAT
2002
WIBERG, Pernilla (Ms)
SWE
2002 1992/94/98/02 **
CRAVEN, MBE, Philip (Sir)
GBR
2003
FREDERICKS, Frank (Mr) *
NAM
2004 1992/96/04 **
ZELEZNY, Jan (Mr)
CZE
2004 1988/92/96/00/04 **
EL GUERROUJ, Hicham (Mr)
MAR
2004 1996/00/04 **
ELWANI, Rania (Dr)
EGY
2004 1992/96/00
RICCI BITTI, Francesco (Mr)
ITA
2006
IMRAN, Tunku (HRH Prince)
MAS
2006
HOEVERTSZ, Nicole (Ms)
ARU
2006 1984
ALLEN, Béatrice (Ms)
GAM
2006
SCOTT, Rebecca (Ms)
CAN
2006 1998/02/06 **
KOIVU, Saku (Mr)
FIN
2006 1994/98 **
BOTERO PHILLIPSBOURNE, Andrès (Mr)
COL
2007
BAUMANN, Patrick (Mr)
SUI
2007
AL HUSSEIN, Haya Bint (HRH Princess)
UAE
2007
SUBOWO, Rita (Ms)
INA
2007
BUBKA, Sergey (Mr)
UKR
2008 1988/92/96/00 **
ERDENER, Ugur (Dr)
TUR
2008
MOON, Dae Sung (Mr)
KOR
2008 2004 **
POPOV, Alexander (Mr)
RUS
2008 1992/96/00/04 **
BOKEL, Claudia (Ms)
GER
2008 1996/00/04 **
RUIZ LUACES, Yumilka (Ms)
CUB
2008 1996/00/04 **
* Executive Board member
** Olympic medallist
# Provisionally given up the rights, prerogatives and functions deriving from his IOC membership
• Top
HONORARY PRESIDENT
Last name, First name
NOC
Year of election
Games participation
Samaranch, Juan Antonio
ESP
1966
• Top
HONORARY MEMBERS
List of members by protocol order
Last name, First name
NOC
Year of election
Games participation
LUXEMBOURG, Jean de (HRH the Grand Duke)
LUX
1946
CONSTANTINE, (HM King)
GRE
1963 1960 **
ERICSSON, Gunnar (Mr)
SWE
1965
WORRALL, James (Mr)
CAN
1967 1936
HALIM, Abdel Mohamed (Mr)
SUD
1968
HERZOG, Maurice (Mr)
FRA
1970
BEITZ, Berthold (Mr)
GER
1972
RAMÍREZ VÁZQUEZ, Pedro (Mr)
MEX
1972
KUMAR, Ashwini (Mr)
IND
1973
HOLST-SØRENSEN, Niels (Mr)
DEN
1977 1948
HEINZE, Günther (Mr)
GER
1981
MUÑOZ PEÑA, Roque Napoleón (Mr)
DOM
1983
CERNUSAK, Vladimir (Mr)
SVK
1981
ISAVA-FONSECA, Flor (Ms)
VEN
1981
GLEN-HAIG DBE, Mary Alison (Dame)
GBR
1982 1948/52/56/60
ABU SAMAH, Hamzah (Tan Sri)
MAS
1978
MENDOZA CARRASQUILLA, Fidel (Mr)
COL
1988
WILSON DCNZM, OBE, Tay (Mr)
NZL
1988
STANKOVIC, Borislav (Mr)
SRB
1988
BORBÓN, Doña Pilar de (HRH the Infanta)
ESP
1996
ADEFOPE, Henry Edmund Olufemi (Major General)
NGR
1985
MAGVAN, Shagdarjav (Mr)
MGL
1977
VERBRUGGEN, Hein (Mr)
NED
2006
* Executive Board member
** Olympic medallist
• Top
HONOUR MEMBERS
List of members by protocol order
Last name, First name
NOC
Year of election
Games participation
KISSINGER, Henry (Mr)
USA
2000
* Executive Board member
** Olympic medallist